The basics in staining wood furniture are considered an art more than a 
science. One of the first things to understand during preparation is that staining wood is a messy process. Take care in wearing proper clothing and work in a well ventilated area. Also note that while curing the stained pieces, high humidity will cause a slower achievement before it is dry.
Stain Components
There are three ingredients that make up the body of the stain. The dyes the pigments and the carrier are the components completing the base solution in the stain. The carrier constitutes weather the stain is oil-based or water-based. Oil-based will take much longer to dry but is more resilient.
Supplies
Staining wood furniture will require the use of many rags, paint brushes, steel wool and some fine grade sand paper. Mineral spirits may also be needed for cleaning the brush or accidental spills. A fine grade steel wool may be used for buffing during the stain process.
Sanding
Hand- sanding is best for delicate wood furniture projects. If the furniture is in good condition just using a fine grade sand paper will prepare the surface. When sanding always work with the grain of the wood. Good sanding procedure will make a much better look before applying the stain.
Let’s begin Staining
The heavier pigments in the stain will be settled to the bottom of the container so shake or stir the stain rigorously. Test the stain first on a scrap piece of wood by using an applicator and applying it for appropriate results. The applicator could be a brush of any type or even a rag to administer the stain. Apply the stain using even strokes until you cover the piece. The longer you leave the stain on the darker the effect you will achieve. Wipe off any excess stain with a rag soon after the application has been completed to see the results. When staining the furniture the first coat should be applied in this manner moving from top to bottom. Remember to wipe away any excessive stain so that it doesn’t soak in too long for a darker appearance.
When this step is completed allow overnight drying. The process will continue with some more light sanding over the dry stained furniture. Apply the stain as you did the first time while continuously wiping off any excessive stain. Generally two coats should be substantial but you may apply another coat.
Once the piece is completed using a Polyurethane finish will protect and beautify the furniture.
